First Insight into the Genome Sequences of Two Linezolid-Resistant Nocardia farcinica Strains Isolated from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.

The draft genome sequences of two Nocardia farcinica strains isolated from two patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and linezolid, are reported here. The estimated genome sizes were 5.8 Mb with a 70.63% G+C content. Transposases from Tn916 were detected, but not 23S rRNA mutation (G2576T) related to linezolid resistance.

[Bacteraemia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and other beta-lactamases (ampC and carbapenemase) producing Enterobacteriaceae: association with health-care and cancer]. / Bacteriemias por enterobacterias productoras de beta-lactamasas (BLEE, AmpC y carbapenemasas): asociación con los cuidados sanitarios y los pacientes oncológicos.

INTRODUCTION: Bloodstream infections due to multire-sistant Enterobacteriaceae are a major matter of concern nowadays. The present study evaluated the impact of these infections in our area. METHODS: Prospective observational study of a cohort of patients with bacteraemia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and other beta-lactamases producing organisms among hospitalized patients in Cruces Hospital for 2 years. We conducted a descriptive analysis, a subgroup analysis (cancer vs. non-cancer patients) and a mortality analysis. RESULTS: During the study period, 3409 episodes of bacteraemia were diagnosed, of which 124 (3.6%) were ESBL and other beta-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae. 40.3% of the cases were nosocomial, 15.3% community acquired and 44.4% were health-care associated. 44.4% of the cohort had cancer as underlying disease. The most commonly isolated organism was E. coli (83% of cases), regardless of the source of infection. 58.1% of patients received inadequate empirical therapy. 7 day-mortality was 10.5% and 30 day-mortality was 21.8%. None of the analyzed variables showed association with 7 and 14 day-mortality, but the presence of solid cancer (p= 0.032) and advanced HIV infection (p = 0.027), were significantly associated with higher 30 day-mortality. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of bacteraemia episodes affected outpatients and most of them were health-care associated episodes. Even though more than half of the patients received inadequate empirical treatment, this was not related to higher mortality. We only found an association between 30 day-mortality and the presence of underlying solid malignancy or advanced HIV infection.

Bacteriemias por enterobacterias productoras de beta-lactamasas (BLEE, AmpC y carbapenemasas): asociación con los cuidados sanitarios y los pacientes oncológicos / Bacteraemia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and other beta-lactamases (ampC and carbapenemase) producing Enterobacteriaceae: association with health-care and cancer

Introducción. Las bacteriemias por enterobacterias multirresistentes suponen un gran motivo de preocupación actualmente. Para conocer el impacto de dichas infecciones en nuestra área, realizamos el presente estudio. Método. Estudio observacional prospectivo de una cohorte de pacientes con bacteriemia por enterobacterias productoras de BLEE y otras beta-lactamasas (BE-BL) ingresados en el Hospital Universitario Cruces durante 2 años. Estudio descriptivo y análisis de mortalidad y por subgrupos, con especial atención a los pacientes oncológicos. Resultados. Durante el periodo estudiado, se diagnosticaron 3.409 episodios de bacteriemia, de los cuales 124 (3,6%) fueron BE-BL. El 40,3% de los casos fueron de origen nosocomial, el 15,3% comunitario y el 44,4% asociados a cuidados sanitarios. El 44,4% de la cohorte presentaba cáncer. La presencia de E. coli fue mayoritaria en las BE-BL de cualquier foco (83%). El 58,1% recibió un tratamiento empírico inadecuado. La mortalidad a los 7 días fue del 10,5% y a los 30 días del 21,8%. Ninguna de las variables analizadas mostró asociación con la mortalidad a los 7 y 14 días, aunque la presencia de cáncer de órgano sólido (p= 0,032) así como de infección por VIH en estadio avanzado (p=0,027), se asociaron con una mayor mortalidad a los 30 días. Conclusiones. Más de la mitad de los casos de BE-BL fueron de origen extra-hospitalario, y dentro de ellos, fueron mayoritarios los casos asociados a cuidados sanitarios. A pesar de que más de la mitad de los pacientes recibieron un tratamiento antibiótico empírico inadecuado, este hecho no se asoció a mayor mortalidad; encontrándose únicamente una asociación entre mortalidad a los 30 días y presencia de neoplasia sólida subyacente o de VIH avanzado (AU)

Introduction. Bloodstream infections due to multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae are a major matter of concern nowadays. The present study evaluated the impact of these infections in our area. Methods. Prospective observational study of a cohort of patients with bacteraemia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and other beta-lactamases producing organisms among hospitalized patients in Cruces Hospital for 2 years. We conducted a descriptive analysis, a subgroup analysis (cancer vs. non-cancer patients) and a mortality analysis. Results: During the study period, 3409 episodes of bacteremia were diagnosed, of which 124 (3.6%) were ESBL and other beta-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae. 40.3% of the cases were nosocomial, 15.3% community acquired and 44.4% were health-care associated. 44.4% of the cohort had cancer as underlying disease. The most commonly isolated organism was E. coli (83% of cases), regardless of the source of infection. 58.1% of patients received inadequate empirical therapy. 7 day-mortality was 10.5% and 30 day-mortality was 21.8%. None of the analyzed variables showed association with 7 and 14 day-mortality, but the presence of solid cancer (p= 0.032) and advanced HIV infection (p = 0.027), were significantly associated with higher 30 day-mortality. Conclusions. More than half of bacteraemia episodes affected outpatients and most of them were health-care associated episodes. Even though more than half of the patients received inadequate empirical treatment, this was not related to higher mortality. We only found an association between 30 day-mortality and the presence of underlying solid malignancy or advanced HIV infection (AU)

Prevalence and predictors of bacterial meningitis in young infants with fever without a source.

BACKGROUND: Classical criteria differ when performing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis in infants younger than 90 days with fever without a source (FWS). Our objectives were to analyze the prevalence and microbiology of bacterial meningitis in this group and its prevalence in relation to clinical and laboratory risk factors. METHODS: This is a substudy of a prospective registry including all infants of this age with FWS seen between September 2003 and August 2013 in a Pediatric Emergency Department of a Tertiary Teaching Hospital. RESULTS: Lumbar puncture was performed in 639 (27.0%) of the 2362 infants with FWS seen, the rate being higher in not well-appearing infants [60.9% vs. 25.7%; odds ratio (OR), 4.49] and in those ≤21 days old (70.1% vs. 20.4%; OR, 9.14). Eleven infants were diagnosed with bacterial meningitis: 9 were ≤21 days old (prevalence 2.8% vs. 0.1%; OR, 30.42) and 5 were not well-appearing infants (5.7% vs. 0.2%; OR, 23.06). Bacteria isolated were Streptococcus agalactiae (3), Escherichia coli (3), Listeria monocytogenes (3), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1) and Neisseria meningitidis (1). None of the 1975 well-appearing infants >21 days old were diagnosed with bacterial meningitis, regardless of whether biomarkers were altered. CONCLUSIONS: In infants younger than 90 days with FWS, performing CSF analysis for ruling out bacterial meningitis must be strongly considered in not well-appearing infants and in those ≤21 days old. The recommendation of systematically performing CSF analysis in well-appearing infants 22-90 days of age on the basis of analytical criteria alone must be reevaluated.

Dacryocystitis: Systematic Approach to Diagnosis and Therapy.

The objective of this paper is to review the main findings of the largest studies on the etiopathogenesis and microbiology of the development of dacryocystitis and to formulate clinical and surgical guidelines based on said studies and on our experience at Cruces Hospital, the Basque Country, Spain. The most common sign of this entity is the distal nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and this should be treated to prevent clinical relapse. The time when surgery should be indicated mainly depends on the clinical signs and symptoms, age and general status of a patient. Given the germs isolated in cases of dacryocystitis, antibiotic therapy against Gram positive (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. epidermidis) and Gram negative bacteria (H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa) should be administered, orally in adults and intravenously in pediatric patients, prior to surgery. Gentamicin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid have been found to be effective against the bacteria commonly implicated in the etiopathogenesis of this entity.

Lesiones verrucosas subcutáneas en una paciente con trasplante renal / Subcutaneeous verruca lesions in a female renal transplant recipient

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Lesión lítica en el cóndilo femoral en una paciente con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana / Lytic lesion in the femoral condyle in a female patient with human inmunodeficiency virus infection

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Queratitis por acanthamoeba spp.: presentación de diez casos / Keratitis caused by Acanthamoeba spp.: a report of ten cases

Fundamento: El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las características clinicomicrobiológicas de diez pacientes con queratitis por Acanthamoeba spp. Material y métodos: Se han revisado las historias clínicas de 10 pacientes con queratitis y cultivo positivo con Acanthamoeba spp. desde 1992, fecha en la que diagnosticamos el primer caso de nuestro hospital. Para el diagnóstico microbiológico se cultivó en medio de Page el raspado corneal, lente de contacto y líquido de conservación y/o limpieza de cada paciente. Resultados: El motivo de consulta fue, en la mayoría de los casos (60 por ciento), sensación de cuerpo extraño. Antes de efectuarse el estudio parasitológico todos los pacientes habían recibido diversos tratamientos durante un mínimo de 4 días y máximo de 3 meses. En la exploración oftalmológica presentaban: perineuritis radial 4 casos, infiltrado anular dos, queratopatía punteada dos y úlcera seudodendrítica dos. El tratamiento que recibieron fue el siguiente: 8 pacientes propamidina más neomicina, cuatro de ellos recibieron además ketoconazol; 2 pacientes biguanidas. Después de una media de 7 meses (rango, 4-10) la evolución fue favorable en el 70 por ciento. Tres pacientes necesitaron queratoplastia y en ellos el diagnóstico se había retrasado 2 y 3 meses. Conclusiones: La queratitis por Acanthamoeba spp. es una infección de difícil diagnóstico y tratamiento. El conocimiento y la sospecha clínica, junto con la estrecha colaboración con el microbiólogo, es fundamental para la detección precoz de esta enfermedad, ya que el pronóstico está en función de la rapidez con que se instaura el tratamiento adecuado (AU)